局部优化与系统失败：时间、边界、层级与反馈四种失配的分析框架

中文摘要

局部优化与系统失败的关系，是 System Logic 最具解释力的问题之一。一个行动、一个组织、一项政策可以在其局部系统内实现最优，却在更大系统或更长时间尺度上导致整体失败。这一现象不能简单归因于行动者愚蠢、短视或道德缺陷，而应被理解为系统评价结构中的四种基本失配：时间失配、边界失配、层级失配与反馈失配。

Abstract

The relationship between local optimization and systemic failure is one of the most explanatory problems in System Logic. An action, an organization, or a policy may achieve optimality within its local system while producing systemic failure at broader spatial or temporal scales. This phenomenon cannot be adequately explained by cognitive bias, temporal myopia, or ethical deficiency. It should be understood as four fundamental mismatches in the evaluative structure of systems: temporal mismatch, boundary mismatch, level mismatch, and feedback mismatch.

关键词：：局部优化；系统失败；时间失配；边界失配；层级失配；反馈失配；成本外部化；系统适切性；优化陷阱；系统逻辑

Keywords: : Local Optimization; Systemic Failure; Temporal Mismatch; Boundary Mismatch; Level Mismatch; Feedback Mismatch; Cost Externalization; Systemic Adequacy; Optimization Trap; System Logic