全球思想启蒙运动：认知共识的生产、扩散与内化

中文摘要

全球治理的制度供给日益密集，但人类在风险上越来越共同、在认知上却高度分裂——认知共识不会自动生成。本文以康德启蒙理念、哈贝马斯公共领域理论、贝克风险社会理论与罗尔斯重叠共识为理论资源，提出"全球思想启蒙运动"概念，将其界定为全球共同风险背景下跨文明的公共理性建构过程：既非意识形态输出，也非世界思想统一。文章构建并逐环展开"风险可视化—思想共识生产—公共中介扩散—大众内化—制度反馈"五环机制，分析各环运作条件与失败情形，揭示算法认知茧房可能导致认知断裂，并区分精英、大众与跨文明青年三类路径，厘清四类主体及其组织化条件。研究认为，全球思想启蒙运动是认知共识生成的前置机制、制度有效运行的人心基础，能推动人类从国家本位走向人类本位、从价值宣示走向行动自觉，为人类命运共同体由理念转化为现实提供认知前提。

Abstract

Institutional supply in global governance has grown increasingly dense, yet humanity is becoming more united in risk and more deeply divided in cognition: cognitive consensus does not generate itself. Drawing on Kant's idea of enlightenment, Habermas's theory of the public sphere, Beck's theory of the risk society, and Sunstein's analysis of information cocoons, this paper proposes the concept of a "global movement of thought enlightenment" and argues that it is the cognitive precondition for the Community with a Shared Future for Humanity to move from idea to reality. The paper first rebuilds the academic legitimacy of the term "enlightenment" by returning to Kant's original definition ("have the courage to use your own understanding") and responds to contemporary critiques, including the dialectic of enlightenment, the critique of modernity as an attitude, and postcolonial critique. It then defines the concept of the global movement of thought enlightenment — a cross-civilizational process of public reason construction among plural actors — and demonstrates its necessity on four grounds. On this basis, the paper reconstructs the original five-stage mechanism of the original manuscript (risk visualization, production of consensual ideas, diffusion through public intermediaries, internalization by the public, and institutional feedback), specifying the enabling conditions and failure scenarios of each stage — including algorithmic cognitive cocoons, "infodemic," and the ritualization of internalization — and elaborates three differentiated paths, four types of subjects with their organizational conditions, and the boundaries and risks of enlightenment. The paper holds that only organized, stage-by-stage, self-restrained enlightenment can turn the ideal of community into a shared capacity for judgment.

关键词：思想启蒙；全球思想启蒙运动；认知共识；公共理性；人类命运共同体

Keywords: thought enlightenment; global movement of thought enlightenment; cognitive consensus; public reason; Community with a Shared Future for Humanity