理性公善人格：超越利己主义与自我牺牲的共同体主体理论

中文摘要

共同体能否长期存在，不仅取决于制度如何设计，也取决于什么样的人进入并维持这些制度。一个只追求即时个人利益的主体，可能通过欺骗、掠夺、搭便车或成本外部化实现自身目标；一个缺乏自我边界而持续牺牲自身利益的主体，则可能陷入耗竭、依赖、怨恨或被利用。由此，个人主义与自我牺牲之间的简单二元选择，都不足以为稳定共同体提供持续的人格基础。

Abstract

The long-term viability of a community depends not only on institutional design but also on the kinds of persons who enter and sustain its institutions. An actor concerned only with immediate personal gain may pursue objectives through deception, predation, free riding, or cost externalization. An actor who lacks self-boundaries and continually sacrifices legitimate personal interests may instead fall into exhaustion, dependency, resentment, or exploitation. A simple choice between egoism and self-sacrifice is therefore insufficient as a durable personality foundation for shared life.

关键词：理性公善人格；私善；公善；人格；共同幸福；道德认同；亲社会动机；边界；共同体；人类幸福共同体

Keywords: rational public-good personality; private good; public good; personality; shared happiness; moral identity; prosocial motivation; boundaries; community; Human Happiness Community