人机共生共同体：机器功能理性与人类体验主体的协同

中文摘要

人工智能日益深度介入知识生产、决策辅助与公共治理，人类命运共同体由此面临新的追问：当人工智能成为共同体内部的新变量，共同体还是“只有人类”的共同体吗？既有治理研究多从风险防控与算法伦理切入，较少回答人工智能在文明结构中的哲学定位。本文提出：人工智能是人类理性能力在无机载体上的功能化延伸，可定位为“机器功能理性”，既非人性复制，亦非纯粹工具。在批判“价值对齐”范式三个局限的基础上，本文以“准主体”界定其功能角色，论证人类作为体验主体、价值源头与方向责任承担者的不可替代性，提出“有机体验——机器功能理性共生模型”，以理性公善型人工智能五项原则与全球治理三层底线（生存、尊严、自主）为方向约束，并引入技术权力维度审视共同体的新权力结构。本文的理论贡献在于将人工智能治理从“风险防控”推进到“共同体形态重构”：人机共生共同体是人类命运共同体在智能时代的形态扩展。

Abstract

As artificial intelligence becomes deeply involved in knowledge production, decision support, and public governance, the Community with a Shared Future for Humanity confronts a new question: when AI becomes a new variable within the community, is the community still a community "of humans only"? Existing governance research approaches AI mainly through risk prevention and algorithmic ethics, and rarely answers the philosophical question of AI's position in the structure of civilization. This paper argues that AI is the functional extension of human rational capacity upon an inorganic carrier, which can be characterized as "machine functional rationality": neither a replica of human nature, nor a mere tool. On the basis of a critique of three limitations of the value-alignment paradigm, the paper uses "quasi-subject" to define AI's functional role, demonstrates the irreplaceability of humans as experiential subjects, sources of value, and bearers of responsibility for direction, proposes the "organic experience-machine functional rationality symbiosis model," takes the five principles of public-good-oriented rational AI and the three layers of bottom lines for global AI governance (survival, dignity, autonomy) as directional constraints, and introduces the dimension of technological power to examine the community's new power structure. The paper's theoretical contribution is to advance AI governance from "risk prevention" to "reconstruction of community form": the human-machine symbiotic community is the formal extension of the Community with a Shared Future for Humanity in the intelligent age.

关键词：人工智能；人类命运共同体；准主体；机器功能理性；人机共生

Keywords: artificial intelligence; Community with a Shared Future for Humanity; quasi-subject; machine functional rationality; human-machine symbiosis