生命精神结构论：一种新人性论的个体生成、社会关系与文明调节

中文摘要

人性问题长期处于“性善/性恶”“原罪/救赎”“理性/利益”等解释框架之中，但仍有一个问题有待进一步展开：进入社会关系的个体，其善恶、公私与理性属性究竟如何生成？本文提出“生命精神结构论”，认为人是生命物质上的精神。个体层面，人性表现为“物性—体感—精神—理性”的生成结构；社会层面，个体善恶进入关系后，因公/私指向分化而形成私善、私恶、公善、公恶四种关系形态。由此，八因子模型说明个体人性何以生成，四象限结构说明个体人性何以进入社会关系。本文旨在把人性问题从抽象善恶判定推进为“个体生成—关系展开—文明调节”的结构分析

Abstract

The problem of human nature has long remained within explanatory frameworks such as "inherent goodness / inherent evil," "original sin / redemption," and "reason / interest," but one question still awaits further development: how are the good-evil, public-private, and rational attributes of individuals who enter social relations actually generated? This paper proposes the "Structural Theory of Life and Spirit," holding that the human being is spirit upon living matter. At the individual level, human nature manifests as a generative structure of "materiality, bodily sensation, spirit, and reason"; at the social level, once the individual's good and evil enter relations, they differentiate by public/private orientation into four relational forms: private good, private evil, public good, and public evil. Thus the eight-factor model explains how individual human nature is generated, and the four-quadrant structure explains how individual human nature enters social relations. This paper aims to advance the problem of human nature from abstract good-evil adjudication to a structural analysis of "individual generation, relational unfolding, and civilizational regulation."

关键词：人性；新人性论；生命精神结构论；个体生成；公善

Keywords: Human nature; new theory of human nature; Structural Theory of Life and Spirit; individual generation; public good