神圣化自我防御：当信仰保护它承诺要转化的东西

中文摘要

宗教与灵性可以支持意义感、韧性、道德养成和关怀，但它们也可能与回避、身份威胁、强制和灵性伤害纠缠在一起。这篇概念性文章提出了“神圣化自我防御”这一构念，用以描述一种反复出现的过程：防御性动机获得神圣授权，从而变得难以接受寻常的纠正。该框架整合了关于自欺与防御的研究，以及关于消极宗教应对、宗教与灵性挣扎、灵性绕过和灵性虐待的研究。文章考察了四种反复出现的转化：恐惧被呈现为忠诚，控制被呈现为关怀，优越被呈现为真理，攻击被呈现为对神圣的捍卫。神圣化自我防御的独特之处不在于坚定的信念，而在于一种自我封闭的模式——批评、反证或他人的苦难都被重新解释为强化受威胁承诺的理由。该构念被提出作为一种牧养和心理学启发式工具，而非临床诊断。它可以帮助关怀者、神职人员、社区和临床工作者区分要求严格但可纠正的信仰与保护自我、群体或机构免于问责的宗教运作方式。文章最后将“去神圣化”描述为从防御过程中移除虚假的神圣保护，而非丧失神圣承诺，并指出了对牧养辨别、保护安全和未来实证研究的启示

Abstract

Religion and spirituality can support meaning, resilience, moral formation, and care, but they can also become entangled with avoidance, identity threat, coercion, and spiritual harm. This conceptual article proposes the construct of "sacralized ego-defense" to describe a recurring process: defensive motives receive sacred authorization and thereby become resistant to ordinary correction. The framework integrates research on self-deception and defense with research on negative religious coping, religious and spiritual struggle, spiritual bypass, and spiritual abuse. The article examines four recurring transformations: fear presented as loyalty, control presented as care, superiority presented as truth, and aggression presented as defense of the sacred. What is distinctive about sacralized ego-defense is not firm conviction, but a self-sealing pattern in which criticism, counter-evidence, or the suffering of others is reinterpreted as a reason to reinforce the threatened commitment. The construct is proposed as a pastoral and psychological heuristic, not a clinical diagnosis. It can help caregivers, clergy, communities, and clinicians distinguish exacting but correctable faith from religious operations that protect the self, group, or institution from accountability. The article concludes by describing "desacralization" as removing false sacred protection from defense processes, rather than the loss of sacred commitment, and notes implications for pastoral discernment, protective safety, and future empirical research.

关键词：神圣化自我防御；灵性虐待；宗教应对；自欺；牧养辨别；灵性挣扎

Keywords: Sacralized ego-defense; spiritual abuse; religious coping; self-deception; pastoral discernment; religious and spiritual struggle