体感耐受的代际变迁、私善公善失衡与互惠预期：当代青年亲密关系脆弱化的内生机制研究基于养育模式与生产力变革的双重视角

中文摘要

青年婚恋自主性增强并不必然导致亲密关系脆弱化；在自愿性选择成为主导原则之后，个体身心特质的代际变迁如何经由日常互动重塑关系的投入、确认与持续性，是学界尚未充分回应的理论问题。本文在社会交换理论、身体社会学与亲密关系个体化研究的基础上，融合养育模式代际比较与生产力范式变革两条分析进路，提出"体感耐受的代际变迁---私善公善失衡---互惠预期下降---防御性不投入"的整合机制。本文所构建的整合机制是一项有待经验检验的理论假说，旨在为理解结构压力如何经由身心特质与预期评估进入微观互动提供一个可操作化的分析框架，而非对当代青年群体人格或生理能力的总体性判断。"体感耐受度"指个体躯体对疲惫、辛劳、约束等不适刺激的承纳阈值及其心理映射；由农耕时代常态化劳作型养育向现代高保护性养育的转变，使当代青年躯体承纳阈值与成本感知结构发生代际性重构。"私善"指个体追求自我安逸、自由与利益最大化的本能倾向，"公善"指个体为维系家庭、伴侣及亲密关系而进行的自我让渡、包容与协作性付出。当体感承纳阈值下移、生存共生刚需弱化与快乐获取扁平化三重条件叠加时，私善诉求趋于强化而公善付出能力与意愿出现结构性短缺，形成失衡格局。"互惠预期"指个体对自身关系投入能否被对方识别、理解并在适当时间以可感知方式回应的主观概率判断。当公善付出因感知成本升高而难以持续、因互惠预期下降而缺乏动力时，青年更倾向于采取高筛选、低磨合、等待先行投入与快速退出等防御性策略。该框架并不否定住房、就业、生育成本、性别化照护负担与媒介极化的独立作用，而是解释这些结构压力如何通过主体身心特质与预期评估进入微观互动。文章据此提出三个可检验命题，并主张青年婚恋支持政策应同时致力于结构性成本降低、公平分担与"看见---理解---回应"的关系能力培育

Abstract

The enhancement of autonomy in young people's dating and marriage does not necessarily lead to the weakening of intimate relationships; after voluntary choice becomes the dominant principle, how intergenerational changes in individual physical-and-mental traits reshape the investment, confirmation, and sustainability of relationships through everyday interaction is a theoretical question the scholarly community has not adequately answered. Building on social exchange theory, the sociology of the body, and research on the individualization of intimate relationships, and integrating the two analytical approaches of intergenerational comparison of parenting modes and transformation of the productivity paradigm, this paper proposes an integrated mechanism: "intergenerational change in somatic tolerance, private-good/public-good imbalance, decline in reciprocity expectation, and defensive non-investment." The integrated mechanism constructed here is a theoretical hypothesis awaiting empirical testing, intended to provide an operationalizable analytical framework for understanding how structural pressures enter micro-interaction through physical-and-mental traits and expectation appraisal, rather than an overall judgment on the personality or physiological capacity of contemporary youth. "Somatic tolerance" refers to the threshold at which an individual's body endures aversive stimuli such as fatigue, toil, and constraint, and its psychological mapping; the shift from the routine labor-intensive parenting of the agrarian era to modern high-protection parenting has led to an intergenerational reconstruction of contemporary youth's somatic endurance threshold and cost-perception structure. "Private good" refers to the individual's instinctive tendency to pursue self-comfort, freedom, and interest maximization; "public good" refers to the self-concession, tolerance, and collaborative effort individuals make to maintain family, partners, and intimate relationships. When the three conditions of a lowered somatic endurance threshold, weakened survival-symbiosis necessity, and flattened access to pleasure are superimposed, private-good demands tend to intensify while public-good capacity and willingness face structural shortage, forming an imbalanced pattern. "Reciprocity expectation" refers to the individual's subjective probability judgment of whether one's own relationship investment will be recognized and understood by the other party and responded to in perceptible ways in due time. When public-good effort becomes hard to sustain due to rising perceived costs and lacks motivation due to declining reciprocity expectations, young people tend to adopt defensive strategies such as high screening, low adjustment, waiting for the other's initial investment, and rapid exit. The framework does not deny the independent roles of housing, employment, fertility costs, gendered care burdens, and media polarization, but explains how these structural pressures enter micro-interaction through the subject's physical-and-mental traits and expectation appraisal. The article accordingly proposes three testable propositions, and argues that youth dating and marriage support policies should simultaneously work toward structural cost reduction, fair sharing, and the cultivation of relational capacities of "seeing, understanding, and responding."

关键词：体感耐受度；私善公善；互惠预期；养育模式；生产力变革；防御性不投

Keywords: Somatic tolerance; private good and public good; reciprocity expectation; parenting modes; productivity transformation; defensive non-investment