价性感受的发生学模型——"双端口-私善系统"对意识困难问题的三重分解

中文摘要

意识"困难问题"长期无解，根源不在于问题本身，而在于其提问方式隐含了三个可审视的条件：心物二分的本体论预设、观察者中立性预设，以及最具隐蔽性的意识主体孤立性预设。本文指出，经典表述把一条连续的发生学链条——物理输入→系统状态→第一人称体验——拆成"客观神经事件"与"主观体验"两个实体，再去追问前者如何产生后者，由此制造了它声称要解释的鸿沟。据此，本文提出"双端口-私善系统"模型：身体感官（端口一）与社会/符号（端口二）双端口输入，经私善系统的利害评估，产生价性感受，作为行动驱动的第一人称信号。本文以颜色体验与符号性价值交换为案例展示其统一解释力，并将困难问题分解为价性生成、体验呈现与质性差异三个子问题，分别给出发生学模型或积极候选。本文不宣称"解决"困难问题，而旨在把这一黑箱拆解为若干可描述、可检验的发生学路径

Abstract

The long-standing insolubility of the "hard problem" of consciousness lies not in the problem itself, but in three reviewable conditions implicit in the way it is posed: the ontological presupposition of mind-body dualism, the presupposition of observer neutrality, and most covertly, the presupposition of the isolation of the conscious subject. This paper points out that the classical formulation splits a continuous genesis chain — physical input, system state, first-person experience — into two entities, "objective neural events" and "subjective experience," and then asks how the former produces the latter, thereby manufacturing the very gap it claims to explain. Accordingly, this paper proposes the "Dual-Channel / Private-Good System" model: inputs from two channels, bodily sensation (Channel One) and the social/symbolic (Channel Two), are subjected to interest-and-harm evaluation by the private-good system, producing valence feeling as a first-person signal driving action. Using color experience and symbolic value exchange as case studies, the paper demonstrates the model's unified explanatory power and decomposes the hard problem into three sub-problems — the generation of valence, the presentation of experience, and qualitative difference — to each of which it gives a genetic model or a positive candidate. The paper does not claim to "solve" the hard problem, but aims to decompose this black box into several describable, testable genetic pathways.

关键词：意识困难问题；价性感受；双端口-私善系统；发生学；社会关系构成性

Keywords: Hard problem of consciousness; valence feeling; dual-channel/private-good system; genesis; social-relational constitution