从"是"到"应当"的文明逻辑

中文摘要

休谟的"是—应当"问题揭示了事实与规范的逻辑断裂，塞尔通过制度性事实在命题层面搭建桥梁的尝试仍未回答规范感如何在经验中最初发生，普特南对事实/价值二分法的批判则进一步表明这一断裂本身需要哲学反思。本文以"表征—响应"区分为基础，将主体面对利害情境时由身体反应、经验沉淀和情境识别形成评价与行动倾向的稳定运行方式称为"体感逻辑"，并提出"认知重心配置"概念。体感逻辑与推理逻辑是人类共有能力，中西哲学差异主要来自长期实践与制度传承形成的不同历史权重。个体经验经社会化沉淀为文明认知结构，又反过来塑造个体。在此基础上，中西会通不是文明特质的简单拼接，而是共同认知能力在文明尺度上的重新配置。中国经验既可说明中华文明重人伦、重体知的特质，也可反向拓展西方具身认知理论的解释尺度，使世界哲学从材料扩充走向概念与问题的共同重建

Abstract

Hume's "is-ought" problem reveals the logical rupture between facts and norms; Searle's attempt to build a bridge at the propositional level through institutional facts still fails to answer how the sense of normativity first arises in experience; and Putnam's critique of the fact/value dichotomy further shows that the rupture itself calls for philosophical reflection. Based on the distinction between "representation" and "response," this paper calls the stable mode of operation in which the subject forms evaluative and action tendencies from bodily reactions, experiential sedimentation, and situational recognition when facing situations of interest and harm the "somatic logic," and proposes the concept of "cognitive-center configuration." Somatic logic and inferential logic are shared human capacities; the differences between Chinese and Western philosophy mainly arise from the different historical weights formed by long-term practices and institutional transmission. Individual experience, socialized, settles into civilizational cognitive structures that in turn shape the individual. On this basis, the meeting of Chinese and Western thought is not a simple splicing of civilizational characteristics, but a reconfiguration, at civilizational scale, of shared cognitive capacities. Chinese experience can both explain the characteristics of Chinese civilization's emphasis on human relations and embodied knowing, and reversely extend the explanatory scale of Western embodied cognition theory, moving world philosophy from the expansion of materials toward the joint reconstruction of concepts and problems.

关键词：是—应当；体感逻辑；认知重心配置；中西哲学；世界哲学

Keywords: Is-ought; somatic logic; cognitive-center configuration; Chinese and Western philosophy; world philosophy