从能力外迁到文明载体转换

中文摘要

现有进化理论主要解释有机体如何适应环境，却难以充分说明文明时代人类的身体、记忆、计算和社会调节功能何以持续转移到外部技术系统，亦缺乏区分"工具性功能载体"与"文明价值主体"的统一概念工具。本文提出"能力外迁"概念，构建"物质能—体能—智能—情能"四层能力结构与"私善—理性—身体—善恶关系"的行动框架，区分有机进化与技术外迁两条相互作用的进化线索；并以人工情能三重判据——物理依存性、历史连续性与第一人称占有——划定功能模拟与主体感受之间的解释鸿沟。研究发现：体能和智能可被工具化、编码并由机器承担，而情能——生命体基于自我维持而形成的苦乐感受及其价值判断——构成文明载体转换不可逾越之门槛；具身人工智能虽整合外部身体与外部智能，但目前尚无证据表明其具有第一人称价值感受。据此提出约束型、共生型与交接型三种条件性文明演化路径，并主张以有机生命的苦乐感受、人格尊严与存在有限性作为通用人工智能治理的价值边界。本文为人工智能伦理、后人类哲学与演化论研究提供统一分析范式，回应数字文明时代人类主体性危机这一根本哲学议题

Abstract

Existing evolutionary theories mainly explain how organisms adapt to environments, yet they struggle to adequately account for why, in the civilizational era, human bodily, memory, computational, and social-regulatory functions have been continuously transferred to external technological systems, and they lack a unified conceptual tool for distinguishing "instrumental functional carriers" from "civilizational value subjects." This paper proposes the concept of "capacity externalization," constructs a four-layer capacity structure of "material energy, bodily capacity, intelligence, and emotional capacity," and an action framework of "private good, reason, body, and good-evil relations," distinguishing two interacting evolutionary threads: organic evolution and technological externalization. It also uses the threefold criterion of artificial emotional capacity — physical dependence, historical continuity, and first-person possession — to demarcate the explanatory gap between functional simulation and subjective feeling. The study finds that bodily capacity and intelligence can be instrumentalized, encoded, and borne by machines, whereas emotional capacity — the pleasure-pain feeling and its value judgments formed by living beings on the basis of self-maintenance — constitutes an insurmountable threshold in the transition of civilizational carriers; embodied AI, though integrating external bodies and external intelligence, currently shows no evidence of first-person value feeling. On this basis, the paper proposes three conditional civilizational evolution paths — constrained, symbiotic, and handover — and argues that the pleasure-pain feeling, personal dignity, and existential finitude of organic life should serve as the value boundaries of artificial general intelligence governance. The paper provides a unified analytical paradigm for AI ethics, posthuman philosophy, and evolutionary theory, responding to the fundamental philosophical issue of the crisis of human subjectivity in the digital civilization era.

关键词：人类进化；能力外迁；情能；具身人工智能；文明载体转换；价值主体

Keywords: Human evolution; capacity externalization; emotional capacity; embodied artificial intelligence; civilizational carrier transition; value subject