表征与关切——意识结构的哲学考察

中文摘要

人工智能意识争论常把信息处理、反思调控与主观体验压缩为同一问题，导致"机器能否思维"与"机器是否有体验"被同一概念包裹。本文以"表征—关切"区分为分析起点，将其进一步展开为三个可分析区分的功能层次：表征使对象状态成为可辨识、组合和推演的内容；感受性关切使对象对一个维持自身的主体呈现内在的利害与效价；反思性觉知则对前两者进行再评价与高阶调控。借助生命—心智连续性论题、具身现象学与内感受研究，并结合表征主义（Tye,Dretske）与高阶理论（Rosenthal）等国际意识哲学文献，本文主张生命自主性和内源性规范为感受性关切提供重要的自然主义基础，但不把生物进化史或特定材料基质规定为人工意识的先验禁区。由此，对当前人工智能较稳妥的判断是：其表征与元认知式调控能力显著，却尚缺乏感受性关切的充分证据。这一分层模型将AI意识问题从"有或无"的二分转向分层判准与证据评估，为未来人工系统主体资格的审慎判定提供哲学框架

Abstract

The debate on artificial intelligence consciousness often compresses information processing, reflective regulation, and subjective experience into a single problem, so that "can machines think" and "do machines have experience" are wrapped in the same concept. Taking the distinction between "representation" and "concern" as its analytical starting point, this paper unfolds it into three analyzable functional levels: representation makes object states into content that can be identified, combined, and inferred; phenomenal concern makes objects present intrinsic interest and valence to a subject that maintains itself; and reflective awareness re-evaluates and higher-order regulates the former two. Drawing on the continuity thesis of life and mind, embodied phenomenology, and interoception research, and in dialogue with international philosophy-of-consciousness literature such as representationalism (Tye, Dretske) and higher-order theory (Rosenthal), the paper maintains that biological autonomy and endogenous normativity provide an important naturalistic foundation for phenomenal concern, but does not stipulate evolutionary history or a specific material substrate as an a priori禁区 for artificial consciousness. Accordingly, the more prudent judgment for current AI is that its representational and metacognitive-regulatory capacities are significant, yet there is insufficient evidence of phenomenal concern. This layered model shifts the AI consciousness problem from a binary of "has or has not" to layered criteria and evidence assessment, providing a philosophical framework for the cautious determination of future subject status for artificial systems.

关键词：表征；感受性关切；反思性觉知；生命—心智连续性；人工智能意识；现象意识

Keywords: Representation; phenomenal concern; reflective awareness; life-mind continuity; artificial intelligence consciousness; phenomenal consciousness