人民性、公善标的范围与制度优势 ——基于行为属性视角的分析框架

中文摘要

既有研究多从宏观历史或经济绩效层面论证中国特色社会主义的制度优势，但对其内在的“人民性”如何转化为具体治理效能的微观机制，尚缺乏系统性的理论阐释。通过提出“公善标的范围”这一核心概念，并将其作为连接“人民性”（价值根基）与“制度绩效”（治理效果）的分析桥梁，可以从行为属性上界定“公善”为以“护他、富他、悦他、强他、尊他”为核心内容的、指向他人福祉的行为倾向，其核心变量“标的范围”指公善指向的对象广度。研究表明：以中国共产党的公善领导为核心的治理逻辑，在公善标的范围的广度与稳定性上具有显著优势；标的范围越广，社会关系系统越趋向正向平衡；正向平衡优于负向失衡。“公善标的范围”的扩展过程，正是“以人民为中心”在制度运行中的具体展开，也是中国式现代化“全体人民共同富裕”“物质文明与精神文明相协调”等本质要求的微观机制表达。

Abstract

Existing studies have mostly demonstrated the institutional advantages of socialism with Chinese characteristics from the perspectives of macro-history or economic performance, but they have lacked a systematic theoretical explanation of the micro-mechanisms through which the "people-oriented nature" is transformed into concrete governance effectiveness. This paper proposes the core concept of the "scope of public good orientation" as an analytical bridge connecting the people-oriented nature (the value foundation) and institutional performance (governance effectiveness). "Public good" is defined behaviorally as the behavioral orientation toward the well-being of others and the community, with "protecting others, enriching others, pleasing others, empowering others, and respecting others" as its five core dimensions; its core variable, the "scope of orientation," refers to the breadth of the objects toward which public good is directed. The paper argues that the governance logic centered on the public-good leadership of the Communist Party of China possesses significant systemic advantages in the breadth and stability of the scope of public good orientation; the broader the scope of orientation, the more the social-relations system tends toward positive balance; and positive balance is superior to negative imbalance. The expansion of the scope of public good orientation is precisely the concrete unfolding of the "people-centered" development philosophy in institutional operation, and the micro-mechanistic expression of the essential requirements of Chinese modernization such as "common prosperity for all" and "the coordination of material and spiritual civilization." Advancing the inquiry into institutional advantages from macro-level performance to the mediating variable of the scope of public good orientation constitutes a theoretical attempt at constructing China’s independent knowledge system.

关键词：人民性；公善标的范围；制度优势；中国式现代化；以人民为中心

Keywords: people-oriented nature; scope of public good orientation; institutional advantages; Chinese modernization; people-centeredness