从生产力溢出到公善文明 ——智能社会价值秩序重构的理论逻辑与制度方向

中文摘要

人工智能与具身智能正在降低部分生产和服务环节对人类劳动时间的依赖，传统的“生产—就业—收入—社会认同”链条因而面临结构性松动。本文以“生产力溢出”概括一种条件性变化：当技术进步、合理分配与公共供给共同使基本再生产不再要求每个个体持续出售足量劳动时，社会面临的主要难题将逐步从产出不足，转向成果分配、社会合作、价值认同和意义安顿。在中国式现代化物质文明和精神文明相协调、促进共同富裕和人的全面发展的目标下，智能社会有必要在市场计价之外形成新的价值语言。本文区分任务价值与关系价值，认为人工智能能够替代部分任务，并不等于能够等价复制由真实感受、责任承担和社会关系生成的全部价值。所谓“公善文明”，不是新的历史阶段划分，而是对一种可能的价值重心的概括：人的基本尊严不以贡献为条件；在此基础上，通过学习和能力培养扩大人生选择，通过自愿的社会连接承接非市场贡献，并以多种方式让照护、知识分享、情感支持和公共创造重新得到社会承认。

Abstract

— Artificial intelligence and embodied intelligent systems are reducing the dependence of some production and service processes on human labor time. This change may loosen the long-standing chain linking production, employment, income, and social recognition. The concept of “productive-force spillover” is used here to describe a conditional structural shift: when technological progress, distributive arrangements, and public provision jointly make basic social reproduction less dependent on every individual continuously selling sufficient labor, the main constraints facing society may gradually move from insufficient output toward distribution, recognition, cooperation, and meaning. Against the goals of Chinese modernization, especially coordinated material and cultural-ethical advancement, common prosperity, and the all-round development of people, an intelligent society needs a value language that goes beyond market pricing alone. A “civilization of the common good” is therefore proposed not as a new historical-stage label, but as an analytical description of a possible shift in value priorities. It rests on unconditional human dignity, expands capabilities and choices, connects voluntary contributions with real social needs, and gives greater visibility to care, knowledge sharing, emotional support, and public creation. The article further argues that AI may substitute tasks without necessarily reproducing the relational value of responsible, experiencing subjects, and outlines institutional directions including a resilient basic-security floor, community learning, voluntary public-good matching, and plural forms of social recognition.

关键词：人工智能；生产力溢出；公善文明；中国式现代化；人的全面发展

Keywords: artificial intelligence; productive-force spillover; civilization of the common good; Chinese modernization; all-round human development