从外在性认知到内化性自觉：全面从严治党中“知腐”向“拒腐”转化的微观心理机制研究

中文摘要

党的十八大以来，全面从严治党取得历史性、开创性成就，“不敢腐、不能腐、不想腐”一体推进的制度框架已经成型。然而，实践中一个长期存在的深层困惑是：为什么在党纪国法日益健全、思想教育常态化开展、警示震慑持续强化的条件下，仍有相当数量的党员干部出现认知与行为的脱节——理论认知到位，却在权力诱惑、上级授意、圈子裹挟之下突破底线？ 这一“知腐”却未能自动转化为“拒腐”的困境，构成了当前全面从严治党向纵深推进的一个关键理论课题。本文认为，这一困境的根源在于：制度规范与纪律要求目前更多地停留在“外在性认知”层面——即党员干部“知道”纪律要求，但尚未充分转化为“内化性自觉”，即在面对利益诱惑和复杂情境时能够本能性地做出符合党纪国法的行为选择。现有治理手段主要作用于人的理性认知层面，而对从“认知”到“自觉”的转化机制关注相对有限。与此同时，传统刚性反腐模式虽具强大震慑力，但也衍生出值得关注的治理成本——党内对立猜忌、圈层分化、治理内耗等问题。这并非否定现有治理体系的成效，而是揭示：在制度约束、思想教育、执纪震慑这三条成熟路径之外，需要更加深入地研究制度规范如何转化为主体自觉的微观机制。本文借鉴认知科学中的情感印记理论与体感沉淀机制，提出“知腐—拒腐”转化的五阶段理论模型：外部规范输入→纪律认知形成→情境体验强化→情感价值认同→廉洁自觉生成。基于这一模型，本文探讨了制度规范内化的实施机制构想——包括情境化纪律教育、重点风险场景分类干预、周期性强化机制等——这些构想均以“学理探索”而非“政策方案”为定位，旨在为理解全面从严治党中“内化于心、外化于行”的党建命题提供一种跨学科的微观机制解释。同时，本文提出实施机制的制度边界与风险防控构想，包括权责四分制衡等设计，从学理上回应治理工具自身可能面临的权力异化风险。本文定位为学理探索与问题揭示，所探讨的制度规范内化机制构想不是取代现有治党体系，而是在既有制度基础上提出一种可能的补充性思路，为健全全面从严治党体系提供一份跨学科的学理参考。

Abstract

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), full and rigorous Party governance has achieved historic, pioneering results, and the institutional framework for the integrated advancement of “dare not be corrupt, cannot be corrupt, and do not want to be corrupt” has taken shape. In practice, however, a long-standing, deep puzzle remains: why, under conditions of increasingly sound Party discipline and national laws, regular ideological education, and continuously strengthened warning and deterrence, do a considerable number of Party members and officials still exhibit a disconnect between cognition and behavior — theoretical understanding is in place, yet under the temptation of power, instructions from superiors, or entrapment by cliques, they breach the bottom line? This dilemma — that “knowing corruption” does not automatically translate into “resisting corruption” — constitutes a key theoretical issue for advancing full and rigorous Party governance in depth. This paper argues that the root of this dilemma lies in the fact that institutional norms and disciplinary requirements currently remain largely at the level of “external cognition” — Party members and officials “know” the disciplinary requirements, but these have not yet been fully transformed into “internalized consciousness,” namely the ability to instinctively make behavioral choices consistent with Party discipline and national laws when facing temptations of interest and complex situations. Existing governance instruments act mainly on the level of rational cognition, while attention to the transformation mechanism from “cognition” to “consciousness” remains relatively limited. Meanwhile, although the traditional rigid anti-corruption model possesses strong deterrent power, it has also generated governance costs worthy of attention — such as internal antagonism and suspicion within the Party, clique-based differentiation, and governance friction. This is not a denial of the effectiveness of the existing governance system; rather, it reveals that, beyond the three mature paths of institutional constraint, ideological education, and disciplinary deterrence, deeper research is needed on the micro-mechanisms by which institutional norms are transformed into subjective consciousness. Drawing on the theory of affective imprinting and the mechanism of somatic sedimentation in cognitive science, this paper proposes a five-stage theoretical model of the “knowing corruption — resisting corruption” transformation: external norm input → formation of disciplinary cognition → situational experience reinforcement → affective–value identification → generation of integrity consciousness. Based on this model, the paper explores conceptual implementation mechanisms for the internalization of institutional norms — including situated discipline education, classified intervention in key risk scenarios, and periodic reinforcement mechanisms. These conceptions are positioned as “theoretical exploration” rather than “policy proposals,” aiming to provide an interdisciplinary, micro-mechanistic explanation for the Party-building proposition of “internalizing in the heart and externalizing in action” within full and rigorous Party governance. The paper also proposes conceptions of institutional boundaries and risk prevention for these implementation mechanisms — including a four-way separation of powers and responsibilities — responding, at the theoretical level, to the risk of power alienation that governance instruments themselves may face. This paper is positioned as theoretical exploration and problem revelation. The conceptions of internalization mechanisms for institutional norms discussed herein are not intended to replace the existing governance system of the Party, but to propose a possible complementary line of thinking on the basis of existing institutions, providing an interdisciplinary theoretical reference for improving the system of full and rigorous Party governance.

关键词：全面从严治党；内化性自觉；制度规范内化；情境化纪律教育；情感印记；知腐—拒腐转化；自我革命；三不腐

Keywords: full and rigorous Party governance; internalized consciousness; internalization of institutional norms; situated discipline education; affective imprinting; transformation from “knowing corruption” to “resisting corruption”; self-revolution; the “three nots” of anti-corruption