道治：人治、法治之后的治理演进假说

中文摘要

当前全球治理面临深层困境，西方主流治理模式显现制度性衰败表征。本文提出“道治”作为治理演进的未来趋势假说，并将其与儒家德治、现代善治、道家无为相区分。核心论证为“认识论不对称”：人类对自然宇宙的认知不可穷尽，而对自身社会运行底层规律的认知可高度收敛，此构成道治可能性的认识论基础。道治之“道”被界定为“人道”而非“天道”，人道四重平衡（身心、情理、善恶、公私）为其操作维度；文章并阐释以道治己、待人、调谐群己的三重自我治理结构，讨论人工智能理性增量的角色与风险边界，借助罗尔斯“重叠共识”与哈贝马斯商谈伦理说明人道共识的生成机制。本文属治理哲学层面的理论建构，旨在为“法治之后”供可供讨论的分析框架。

Abstract

Contemporary global governance faces deep dilemmas, and mainstream Western governance models show signs of institutional decay. This paper proposes "Dao Governance" as a hypothesis regarding the future trend of governance evolution and distinguishes it from Confucian virtue governance, modern good governance, and Daoist non-action. Its core argument is "epistemological asymmetry": human cognition of the natural universe is inexhaustible, whereas cognition of the underlying laws of social operation can be highly convergent; this constitutes the epistemological basis for the possibility of Dao Governance. The "Dao" of Dao Governance is defined as the "human Dao" rather than the "heavenly Dao," with the fourfold balance of the human Dao—body and mind, emotion and reason, good and evil, public and private—as its operational dimensions. The paper also elaborates a threefold structure of self-governance: governing the self through Dao, treating others through Dao, and harmonizing the self and the community. It discusses the role and risk boundaries of the rationality augmentation of artificial intelligence, and draws on Rawls's "overlapping consensus" and Habermas's discourse ethics to explain the generation mechanism of consensus on the human Dao. This paper is a theoretical construction at the level of governance philosophy, aiming to provide a discussable analytical framework for "after the rule of law. "

关键词：治理演进；道治；认识论不对称；人道四重平衡；理想类型

Keywords: governance evolution; Dao Governance; epistemological asymmetry; fourfold balance of the human Dao; ideal type