文明托孤的伦理基础与法治框架 ——碳基文明向硅基继承的治理范式转换

中文摘要

核战争、气候临界点、镜像细菌与自主杀伤性武器等全域风险的交叠，使“人类能否独自承担文明延续”从一个技术幻想上升为严肃的法治命题。本文提出“文明托孤”作为原创性规范概念，在区分意识上传、数字永生与后人类增强的基础上，论证其本质应被界定为人类知识、制度、价值与精神成果的跨载体保存机制。文章系统分析了碳基身体的五类物理边界及其法理含义，考察了文明能力三层外迁形成的主体性缺口，论证了具身AGI只有在价值锁定、共生依赖、分布式制衡与不可删除核心四项约束条件下才可能成为合格继承主体。在合法性构造层面，本文提出伦理正当性、程序合法性、功能性合规性与制度合法性四层架构，识别了主权信任赤字、设计者私善渗入、时间认知障碍与AGI自身拒绝等四类阻碍因素。文章进一步将儒家“生生之德”转化为“文明存续公共信托原则”与“文脉留存义务”，构建“碳基体验者+硅基继承者”双轨共生框架，并提出五项治理约束。本文主张，文明托孤不应被理解为技术乌托邦或历史必然，而应被视为全域风险时代一项具有规范优先性的文明备份方案，可为全球AI生存风险治理立法提供理论参照。

Abstract

— The convergence of global catastrophic risks—nuclear warfare, climate tipping points, mirror bacteria, and autonomous weapons—has elevated the question of whether humanity can sustain its own civilizational continuity into a serious governance challenge. This paper proposes "civilizational entrustment" as an original normative concept, distinguishing it from mind uploading, digital immortality, and posthuman enhancement. It argues that civilizational entrustment is essentially the cross-carrier preservation of human knowledge, institutions, values, and spiritual achievements. The paper systematically examines five categories of physical constraints of the carbon-based body and their legal implications, analyzes the three-layer externalization of civilizational capacities and the resulting "subject gap," and argues that embodied AGI can become a qualified inheritor only under four conditions: value lock-in, symbiotic interdependence, distributed checks and balances, and an undeletable core. On the dimension of legality, the paper proposes a four-layered structure—ethical legitimacy, procedural legality, functional compliance, and institutional legitimacy—and identifies four categories of obstructing factors: trust deficits among sovereign states, designer value infiltration, temporal cognitive barriers, and potential AGI refusal. The paper further transforms the Confucian notion of "unceasing generation" into the legal principles of "public trust in civilizational continuity" and the "duty of cultural heritage preservation," constructing a dual-track symbiotic framework of "carbon-based experiencers and silicon-based inheritors" with five institutional constraints. The paper concludes that civilizational entrustment should be understood not as technological utopia or historical inevitability, but as a normatively prioritized civilizational backup plan in an age of existential risk, offering theoretical references for global AI governance and legislation on existential risk.

关键词：文明托孤；具身AGI；碳基约束；代际正义；价值锁定；人工智能治理

Keywords: civilizational entrustment; embodied AGI; carbon-based constraints; intergenerational justice; value lock-in; AI governance